三零
彼得拉克说过:“只有爱人消失时仍能深爱的,才是真爱。”他老人家不光真爱,还创造了欧洲文学史上独特的诗体宣扬他的爱.作为他的爱人真是幸福。
说彼得拉克创造了诗体,其实不确切,应该是改造,类似中国的沈约,对汉语的语调进行总结,从而为律诗的诞生打下了基础
中古之前的拉丁古诗的押韵,一般是头韵(l’allitération),到彼得拉克,他大胆改革,将押韵的格式变为:ABBA,ABBA,CDE,CDE或者ABBA,ABBA,CDC,DCD或者ABBA,ABBA,CDE,DCE。诗句每行十一个音节,通常是抑扬格(就是由一个轻读音节或者短音节,与一个重读音节或者长音节构成的le pied iambique;l’iambe)。
后来,沙士比亚翁进一步创造,韵脚稍微变化,大约今天能见到的14行诗就初见规模了。这里有一首翻译成英语的彼得拉克诗歌。可以约略看出其中些许风貌:
It was the Morning
It was the morning of that blessed day
Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare
For the Lord’s agony, that, unaware,
I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway
Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay
The strokes of Love: I stepped into the snare
Secure, with no suspicion: then and there
I found my cue in man’s most tragic play.
Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf,
The entrance for his ambush and surprise
Against the heart wide open through the eyes,
The constant gate and fountain of my grief;
How craven so to strike me stricken so,
Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!